立体气候区生态足迹研究——以攀枝花市米易县为例

以四川省攀枝花市米易县2008年、2009年的统计数据为基础,运用生态足迹计算方法,对该县生态足迹进行了研究.结果表明,米易县人均生态足迹为1.0657hm2、人均生态承载力为1.0405 hm2,生态足迹与生态承载力大致相当,米易县处于地区非可持续性—全球可持续性发展状态.在此基础上,提出了实现立体气候区可持续发展的对策和建议.     

Susceptibility to acidic precipitation contributes to the decline of the terricolous lichens Cetraria aculeata and Cetraria islandica in central Europe

The effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II (Phi2) was shown to be reduced in the terricolous lichens Cetraria aculeata and Cetraria islandica by short-term exposure to aqueous SO2 at pH values occurring in the precipitation of areas with high SO2 pollution. Significant reduction of Phi2 was found at pH相似文献   

山地历史小城镇的消防事故致因及其适应性对策研究

山地历史小城镇因区位偏远、地形地貌复杂、文物建筑密度大、居民文化水平偏低等多方面原因,导致消防工作难度大于其他小城镇。基于当前我国山地历史小城镇的消防建设工作处于被忽视的现状和小城镇建设步伐加快的背景,指出山地历史小城镇消防工作的紧迫性和重要性。以湖南洪江古城为例,针对山地历史小城镇的火灾特点,对其消防事故原因及其扑救障碍因素进行分析,提出山地历史小城镇消防工作的适应性对策。研究结果表明,山地历史小城镇的消防工作必须与保护不可再生文物建筑相结合,同时尊重山地生态环境,采用分区消防规划,结合科学的管理方法,做到消防方案的适应性与可行性。     

基于地理梯度的自然类景观资源分布规律

地理梯度也称地理势,是描述一个地理过程强度和方向的概念。地理梯度分为自然地理梯度和文化地理梯度,剧烈的自然地理梯度造就了高密度的自然类景观资源。从研究地理梯度与自然类景观资源的视界出发,并从中国三级台阶地理构造所形成的两大台阶过渡区内自然类景观资源分布着手,探讨了地理梯度与自然类景观资源密度之间的相关关系,这将对大尺度区域性旅游景观资源的发掘、开发与规划工作起到一定的作用。     

京津唐地区地震灾害区域宏观脆弱性变化研究

研究灾害脆弱性的变化有助于深入理解灾害及灾害风险的形成机制。在重新审视承灾体系统灾害脆弱性的分析层次和描述角度之后,深化了对地震灾害区域宏观脆弱性的影响因素和描述指标的再认识,完善了以主成分分析为核心技术的分析该类脆弱性时空变化的数理方法。以此为基础,以1985、1995、2000和2004年为代表时期,对京津唐地区20多年来的地震灾害区域宏观脆弱性的变化做了进一步的分析和总结。主要结论是:研究区地震灾害区域宏观脆弱性20多年来的时空变化可分解为少数几种脆弱性模式的变化;1985年以来,该类脆弱性的空间分异格局整体稳定;但是,各地自身脆弱与否的程度20多年来的变化却很显著——各大中城市市区的脆弱程度显著增强,其他地区整体减弱,且变化幅度前者显著大于后者;研究区地震灾害区域宏观脆弱性的时空变化主要受该地区的人口和经济特别是工商业经济的增长、城市化发展和产业结构的调整等3方面因素所驱动。     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China's Wuzhishan Mountain Region

Abstract

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper's purpose. Finally, recommendations are presented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

四川省甘孜州松茸栖息地动态变化研究

应用3S技术结合野外调查,对甘孜州松茸栖息地10 a间（1994~2004）的动态变化特征进行综合分析。结果表明：（1）根据建群种的生活型可将松茸栖息地划分为3大栖息地类型（12个群系）,分别为硬叶常绿阔叶林栖息地、针阔叶混交林栖息地以及针叶林栖息地;（2）松茸栖息地破碎化整体上呈增加趋势,主要表现为最大斑块指数减小,斑块边界总密度、形状指数及多样性指数增大;（3）至2004年松茸栖息地总面积达1 728 96309 hm2,较1994年面积增加4329%;新增川滇高山栎川西云杉混交林和高山松黄背栎混交林两大斑块类型,面积分别为409 95468 hm2和24 61428 hm2;栖息地面积、类型及数量的增加,对破碎化的发展速度起到一定的延缓作用;（4）鳞皮冷杉林、高山松林、川滇高山栎川西云杉混交林以及高山栎鳞皮冷杉混交林为栖息地的优势斑块类型,有必要对其乔木层片与灌木层片中栎类植物的组成比例进行调整,改善栖息地环境质量     

汛期连云港市重点断面污染来源调查研究

长期以来汛期江苏省部分重点断面水质下降明显,是当地水环境质量提升的难点之一.选取连云港市重点断面为研究对象,应用手工监测和卫星遥感监测方法,分析4个典型断面水质变化特点;通过三维荧光溯源分析方法,确定农业源和生活源是主要污染源;结合现场核查,发现秸秆还田沤水和雨污分流不到位是导致典型断面水质下降的主要原因.研究提出,手...     

人工冻结法调控多年冻土区桩基础地温场的效果分析*

为了解决青藏铁路运营过程中,由于多年冻土地基的升温退化,部分多年冻土区桥梁桩基础承载性能下降,产生有害沉降变形,进而造成桥梁上部结构移位破坏,甚至部分桥梁桩基础在短时间内产生较大的沉降变形这一严重问题。基于当前多年冻土区桥梁桩基础沉降病害快速抢修技术空缺,提出人工冻结技术处置多年冻土区桥梁桩基础沉降病害的新设想,利用数值软件建立冻结管-桩基础三维模型分析该技术的可行性与调控效果,分析冻结参数、场地冻土条件等对冻结效果的影响。研究结果表明:人工冻结法可以快速降低桩周多年冻土温度;同时,冻结96 h可以对桩基地温场起到较好的冷却效果;冻结管至桩的距离对冻结效果的影响最为显著,冻土的含冰量越大,则降温速率越慢。     

Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

• Polystyrene microplastic caused hormesis-like effects in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. • Low concentration of microplastic promoted growth, otherwise the opposite was true. • The change trends of pigment contents were opposite at two initial algae densities. • The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more sensitive at low algae density. The effects of pristine polystyrene microplastics (pMPs) without any pretreatment at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L) on Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin at two initial algae densities (10⁵ and 10⁶ cells/mL) were assessed in this study. Hormesis-like effects were found when microalgae grew with pMPs. The results showed that pMPs inhibited microalgae growth under a high concentration of microplastics tolerated by individual algal cell (low initial algae density) (up to −80.18±9.71%) but promoted growth when the situation was opposite (up to 15.27±3.66%). The contents of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and carotenoids showed resistance to pMPs stress under a low initial algae density and increased with time, but the opposite was true under a high initial algae density. Compared with the low initial algae density group, Qp received less inhibition, and NPQ (heat dissipation) also decreased under the high initial algae density. Under the low initial algae density, OJIP parameters such as S_m, N, Area, Pi Abs, ѱ_o, φ_Eo, TRo/RC and ETo/RC were more perturbed initially and returned to the levels of the control group (without pMPs) over time, but they remained stable throughout the experiment at high initial algae density. These results show that microplastics in the marine environment may have different toxic effects on P. tricornutum at different growth stages, which is of great significance for understanding the impact of microplastics on marine microalgae and aquatic ecosystems.